Operations Management - GlaxoSmithKline - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2104 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Operation Management Table of Contents Operation Management in the Business: Introduction: Task 1: Operation management: Task 2: Safe and Security: Time: Cost: Quality: Compliance with law: Task 3: Link between strategic objectives and operation management: Task 4: System diagram to illustrate the typical business: Open system: Closed system: Probabilistic system: Sub-system: Systems in GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s: Task 5: Economy: Efficiency: Effectiveness: Tension between cost minimization and quality maximization: Task 6: Five performance management objectives: Cost: Quality: Speed: Dependability: Flexibility: Task 7: Linear programming: Dependent of independent task: Network planning: Task 8: Capacity planning: Classification: Importance of capacity planning: Inventory planning: Quality assurance and control: Task 9: Cost: Quality: Speed: Task 10: Quality assurance and control mechanism: Fish bones: Quality circles: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Operations Management GlaxoSmithKline" essay for you Create order Operation Management in the Business: Introduction: GlaxoSmithKline is a pharmaceutical industry in UK created on January 1st, 2001. The reason of being successful is their quality and essential product that have a positive effect on the lives of human beings. They are continuously making effort to increase their brand strength because their brand image is well established. In Pakistan they are being successful in running the business. Their manufacturing sites are nearly in Lahore or Karachi. They made partnerships with McLaren group to improve the flaws in supply chain. Task 1: Operation management: Operation management means to manage the operations. The operations are of different kind at different level like in HR department the operations are performed differently as compared to financial department. Operation management is defined as the conversion of inputs in to outputs like the conversion of raw materials in to goods and services. Operation management helps manage strategy according to the operations in order to gain competitive advantage or gain efficiency and effectiveness in operations. The functions of operation management is mostly used in manufacturing industries how to produce good quality products in low cost. Operation manager manage the resources to produce good quality products. The decision of operation manager has a great importance on how well the product is prepared and how well it is delivered. Operation management manage the functions of how to convert inputs in to outputs and manage the strategy according to the vision and mission of the o rganization. Task 2: Safe and Security: The product must be safe and secure for the human beings. The reason of GlaxoSmithKline being successful is because of their quality products. Customer likes quality products because it has a positive impact on the lives of human beings. The products must be deliver secure in order to increase the number of customers. GlaxoSmithKline deliver their products safe and secure in order to attract the customers. Time: The product must be deliver on time. Delivering the right product at right time is very important because it is difficult to maintain sustainable competitive advantage. Once the brand image is established the customer satisfaction level and expectations get increases. To respond the sudden changing customer demands the companies should adopt just in time approach. Cost: Good quality products need more cost. There should be a balance between cost and quality of product. Good quality products takes more consumption of raw materials but making new strategies to control the cost helps prepare quality products with low cost. Similarly buying raw materials in bulk also helps control cost. Quality: Good quality attracts customers, for customers the quality of products is very important. Good quality helps to established brand image. Adopting TQM tools helps maintain the quality of product. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they maintain the quality of product by adopting TQM tools, total quality management helps to maintain and improve the quality to respond the sudden changing demands of customers. Compliance with law: The law helps deliver right product for the safety of human beings. All the companies follows the instruction of law in order to gain good position in the market. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they manufacture their products under the instructions of their law. Their mission is to provide quality product for the safety of human beings. Task 3: Link between strategic objectives and operation management: To improve the performance of the company new strategies are prepared according to the mission and vision of the organization. First strategic plan is prepared according to the company goals and objectives and then this plan is implemented. It is reviewed in short term or in long term basis to know its working or not. Strategic objectives and operation management are directly proportional to each other. The strategies should be according to operations. If the strategic plan is not good to perform big operations then ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s useless. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s their strategy is according to the operations performed. They have clear and identified goals. They know how to maintain good position in the market. They know the importance of their product for the safety of human beings. Task 4: System diagram to illustrate the typical business: Inputs are converted in to outputs through a proper system in which different steps are involved. Open system: Taking the raw material as an input from the environment and send back as an output to the environment is known as open system. Closed system: In closed system there is no link with the environment and other systems. Probabilistic system: It can be understand using probability analysis. Sub-system: A part of larger systems. Systems in GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s: In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they use different systems like open, closed, probabilistic, and sub-system to prepare products. Once the product is prepared it is delivered and they have a special focus on the views of customers to make improvements. Task 5: Economy: Operation management have to take some policy decisions in order to improve the economy. The decisions taken by the government has positive impact on the economy. Economy policy decisions helps business to run smoothly. The term economy is measured by GDP, due to high GDP economic growth increases. Consumer income and the quantity of goods and services also become increase and the most important benefit is the poverty can be reduced easily. Efficiency: When the production level increases by keeping the consumption of raw material remain constant then it will called as efficiency. When the output increases by keeping the input constant is called efficiency. In simple how well the company performs the production process. Effectiveness: Effectiveness means to fulfill the needs of customers. It has no relation with the sales, the product should meet the customer requirements. No matter, how much the sales the falling down but the important thing is it should fulfill the customer needs. Tension between cost minimization and quality maximization: Cost and quality both are directly proportional to each other. The prices of raw material are too high, and the good quality products needs high consumption of raw material. It is very difficult to produce good quality product with low cost. Hiring the raw material in bulk helps maintain the quality and cost of product. Yet it seems difficult to produce quality product with low cost but making change in the supply chain helps maintain the quality of products. Task 6: Five performance management objectives: Cost: Good quality products need more cost. There should be a balance between cost and quality of product. Good quality products takes more consumption of raw materials but making new strategies to control the cost helps prepare quality products with low cost. Similarly buying raw materials in bulk also helps control cost. Quality: Good quality attracts customers, for customers the quality of products is very important. Good quality helps to established brand image. Adopting TQM tools helps maintain the quality of product. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they maintain the quality of product by adopting TQM tools, total quality management helps to maintain and improve the quality to respond the sudden changing demands of customers. Speed: Becoming a market leader is not easy, respond the changing customer demands of customer is very important. Delivering the right thing at right time actually matters, with the progress in the technology the demands of customer also increases. It is difficult to maintain the customer loyalty, once the customer start using the products of other companies then it will difficult to pull them back. Dependability: Dependability is one of the greatest achievement of life it means people become dependent on your company. They wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t use the product of other companies, they are satisfied from the product of your company. Flexibility: Flexibility means to become ready for whatever changes will occur in the market. With the progress in the technologies the market trends and economies also changes. It wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wait for the companies to adjust. Companies should make new strategies to become flexible in running their businesses. Task 7: Linear programming: Linear programming is a mathematical technique to achieve high output with low input.With low cost high quality products are difficult to make but proper strategic plan and its implementation make it easy. Linear programming is a mathematical technique to produce high level of output with low level of input Dependent of independent task: In performing a particular task different steps are involved that are dependent or independent to each other. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s production process different steps are involved that are dependent or independent to each other. Discovery research Method development Method validation Method transfer Procurement Manufacturing Marketing Network planning: Different steps are involved in performing specific task are dependent or independent to each other, or working in a group or in a team to perform a particular task. Task 8: Capacity planning: Capacity planning means the capacity of organization to do maximum amount of work, or respond sudden customer changing demands. It depends on the efficiency of work. Companies should be prepared to respond the customer changing demands. Companies should review their plans in short term or long term basis. Classification: Long term Short term Finite infinite Importance of capacity planning: Capacity planner prepares a plan to respond the sudden changing customer demands. With efficient capacity planning a company becomes ready to face any kind of problem. With good capacity planning a company becomes ready to take competitive advantage. Inventory planning: Inventory planning is the process in which quantity and timing for adjusting with sales and capacity take place. Quality assurance and control: Good quality products increase customer loyalty, it is difficult to maintain sustainable position in the market. Once the brand image is established customer demands also increases. Total quality management helps to respond sudden changing demands of customers. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they maintain a balance between cost and quality, and adopting TQM tools helps to maintain quality of products. The expectations of customers from your company is high, they want more quality product because once they move towards other company, then it will difficult to pull them back so the companies should be ready to respond the changing demands of customers Task 9: Cost: Good quality products need more cost. There should be a balance between cost and quality of product. Good quality products takes more consumption of raw materials but making new strategies to control the cost helps prepare quality products with low cost. Similarly buying raw materials in bulk also helps control cost. Quality: Good quality attracts customers, for customers the quality of products is very important. Good quality helps to established brand image. Adopting TQM tools helps maintain the quality of product. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they maintain the quality of product by adopting TQM tools, total quality management helps to maintain and improve the quality to respond the sudden changing demands of customers. Speed: Becoming a market leader is not easy, respond the changing customer demands of customer is very important. Delivering the right thing at right time actually matters, with the progress in the technology the demands of customer also increases. It is difficult to maintain the customer loyalty, once the customer start using the products of other companies then it will difficult to pull them back. Task 10: Quality assurance and control mechanism: Fish bones: A diagram which is mostly used in manufacturing to outline different steps like where the chances of quality issues may arise or where the requirements of resources are high, mostly used in quality control process( business dictionary.com). Quality circles: In quality circles 6-10 employees work together and solved problem easily. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t need management help, they solve the problem easily. Good quality products increase customer loyalty, it is difficult to maintain sustainable position in the market. Once the brand image is established customer demands also increases. Total quality management helps to respond sudden changing demands of customers. In case of GSKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s they maintain a balance between cost and quality, and adopting TQM tools helps to maintain quality of products

Analysis Of James Joyce s Araby - 1246 Words

Marshall DeCosta Professor Matta COMP-LIT 121 16 October 2014 Araby – James Joyce – Critical Analysis - Revision The visual and emblematic details established throughout the story are highly concentrated, with Araby culminating, largely, in the epiphany of the young unnamed narrator. To Joyce, an epiphany occurs at the instant when the spirit and essence of a character is revealed, when all the forces that endure and influence his life converge, and when we can, in that moment, comprehend and appreciate him. As follows, Araby is a story of an epiphany that is centered on a principal deception or failure, a fundamental imperfection that results in an ultimate realization of life, spirit, and disillusionment. The significance is exposed in the boy’s intellectual and emotional journey from first love to first dejection, with the discrepancy in life between the real and the ideal facilitating his inexorable misery and understanding. The story opens with a description of North Richmond Street, a â€Å"silent† and â€Å"blind† street whose inhabitants are smugly complacent. The f eatureless exterior of the houses reflect the same gratuitously self-satisfied attitudes of these occupants (Joyce). It is a street of fixed, decaying conformity and false devotion. A priest, the former tenant of the boy’s home, died in the back room of the house, leaving behind only old yellowed books and a bicycle pump rusting in the backyard. The deteriorating conditions of both the books and the pump serve asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby846 Words   |  4 Pagesup so high. In James Joyce’s short story â€Å"Araby† he uses the voice of a young boy as a narrator and describes his childhood growing up in Dublin. Joyce concentrates on description of character’s feeling rather than on plot to reveal the ironies inherent in self-deception. The story focuses on the disappointment, and enlightenment of the young boy and the gap between ideality and reality which I believe it is a retrospective of Joyce’s look back at life. On the simplest level, â€Å"Araby† is a story aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1336 Words   |  6 Pagesand derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.† Araby is a short story centering on an Irish adolescence boy emerging from boyhood fanaticizing into the harsh realities of everyday life in his country. It undergoes through the phases of self-discovery through a coming of age. It takes place in Dublin in 1894 when it was under British rule. The boy in the story is strongly correlated with the author James Joyce. Young Goodman Brown was another story in which the ending results onRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 945 Words   |  4 PagesJames Joyce portrays fanciful mental images from a young boy’s perspective, through his story of Araby. A young boy has a friend name Mangan that lives across the street in which he began to watch Mangan’s sister through the windows and he starts to develop feelings for her that lead him to go to the Araby Bazaar. These feelings start to give the young boy assumptions about Mangan’s sister from the way she makes him feel leading to having these idealized characteristics about her. The emotions makeRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1437 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is nowadays recognized as the modernism which argues that life’s existence is subjective, people are not rational in thinking reality is built through personal experience. One of these writers was James Joyce, who was from a lower middle class in Dublin, Ireland. In his little story â€Å"Araby† Joyce shows us that at the time period that reality is built through personal experiences because life is what we make of it. He goes along to argue that how life is perceived is viewed differently throughRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby955 Words   |  4 PagesIn James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† a nameless boy who is infatuated with the sister of his friend, Mangan reveals his vain wishes and expectations as he tries to impress her buy purchasing a romantic gift. The unbearable crush that he has, lures him on a journey to a Dublin bazaar called Araby, to purchase the gift, but encounters obstacles that later on gives him a change of heart. Instead of realizing that he does not need gifts to express his love for her, he gives up instead. As optimistic as he was aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 994 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story Araby, James Joyce provides the audience with a glimpse if 19th century Ireland seen through the eyes of an adolescent young man. It is this adolescence and the navies of the world that is under attack. Joyce masterfully reveals an innocence held by Araby by contrasting it with a setting filled with symbology that eludes to the hopeless reality in which he lives. Joyce injects a sense of unrealized bleakness for the protagonist by the imagery that he puts forth. â€Å"North RichmondRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet in the early 20th century. Joyce was the writer of â€Å"Araby†. A stoty published in 1914, in which the writer preserves an episode of his life, more specific when he a young twelve years old boy. But was does the word â€Å"Araby† means? According to diccionaty.com, â€Å"Araby† is an archaic or poetic name for Arabia. In addition, the story is about a boy who falls in love with a woman, she is the sister of one of the boy’s classmates. The name of the woman is neverRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Epiphany, From James Joyce s Araby And The Dead1758 Words   |  8 PagesComparative Analysis of Epiphany, from James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead† James Joyce elaborately portrays the complexity of the human male psyche through his protagonists in â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"The Dead.† Through the use of first person perspective, each protagonists’ true motivations and perceptions of reality are betrayed by Joyce, therefore allowing the reader to fully understand the fallacies and complexities within each character. Through the depictions of such complexities, Joyce is able to leverageRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesuseful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagon ists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modernRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Dubliners1668 Words   |  7 PagesDubliners, by James Joyce is an outstanding example of how the use of point of view influences how characters and events are interpreted. Joyce writes the first three stories of Dubliners in the first person point of view, the rest are told in there person. Taking a look at a few of the short stories , Araby, Eveline, and Clay, it is obvious that Joyce s choice of narration as well as the complexity of how he carries out those narrations plays a significant role in the analysis of his work.

Project Management and Appropriate Methodology †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Project Planning and Appropriate Methodology. Answer: Introduction: In order to get the desired level of success in the development of a project, the project planning and appropriate methodology selection is very important. The project of developing an e-procurement system for the Museums Victoria is a software system development project. This project would be completed by following the waterfall model of the software development. In other words, the traditional steps of the software development life cycle (SDLC) would be followed by the project manager for the development of the e-procure system. In this report, the different stages of the chosen methodology have been described in details with the specific activities of the project development work in each of the selected stages. The methodology chosen for this project has been aligned with the declared milestones of the project. Description of the methodology: The waterfall model is the first and traditional software development model, which is also known as the linear-sequential life cycle model. This is one of the simplest software development model, which is very easy to understand and use in the practical field. This type of methodology is generally used in the simple project which dont have any uncertain steps (Schwalbe 2015). In this case, the project has some specific stages and all the milestones are clearly described in the previous report. Based on the case scenario and the milestones of the projects, the waterfall model has been selected as the appropriate method for the project work of e-procure system development (Kerzner 2013). Figure 1: Steps of water fall model (Source: Pathak and Saha 2013) The pictorial representation of the chosen methodology of theproject management work has been given in the above figure. All the stages of the method have been given in the figure. These steps would be followed for performing the whole project of the e-procure management system and completing the declared milestones of the project. Discussion of each of the steps of the project methodology: Requirement gathering and analysis This is the preliminary stage ofproject management work. In this stages the basics details regarding the background of the project have been gathered for developing the project scope and specifications. This step has already done at the starting of the project. The background details of the project have been collected and the tender report has been produced. Through the requirement gathering and analysis phase, the project manager understood the deliverables of the project (Mohammadi et al. 2015). In more simple words, the requirements of the new e-procure management system have been understood by collecting the details existing software and the status of the procure management system of Museum Victoria. Interview with the project owners have been conducted for completing the activities of this step. After completing this step the project scope and the milestone of the project have been developed (Highsmith 2013). Stakeholder management is another part of this step of the methodology. The stakeholder management is generally divided into two sub activities; stakeholder analysis and communication plan. Stakeholder analysis refers to the identification of all the stakeholders of the project and ensure that all the project stakeholders would be benefited from the outcome of the project. In this phase the polls of all the stakeholders have been gathered (Dubois and Tamburrelli 2013). After the stakeholder management plan, a communication plan would be developed in this phase. This plan is for ensuring that all the stakeholders are kept involve based on their needs and interests. Based on the information gathering of the project, the requirement and analysis phase needs to collect two types of requirements; they are functional requirements and non-functional requirements. Functional requirements are the use cases or user scenarios for interacting with the new system (Papadopoulos 2015). These use cases are described in more details in the design phase of the project management. Non-functional requirements are the software and hardware components required for the development and use of the new system to be developed in this project. In this context, the project manager should ensure that the performance characteristics of the solution need to be met (Moniruzzaman and Hossain 2013). The necessities investigation and documentation is in a perfect world not a direct procedure, as the group ought to meet with the partners a few times amid the prerequisites stage and present to them their present comprehension of the necessities for the answer for gather input and conceivably missing necessities. Models or screen mockups are regularly helpful to guarantee that the partners and the group have a similar translation of the necessities. Frequently the partners' prerequisites advance amid the necessities exchange, as the dialog turns out to be more concrete (Papadopoulos 2015). Particularly amid the waterfall approach it is essential that the prerequisites are totally caught and conceded to before the group moves to the plan stage, as each new or changing necessity implies that the group needs to backpedal to the prerequisites stage, which may negate work that was at that point done in a before stage. In this phase, the existing IT infrastructure of the user organizations would be checked for supporting the newly developed system. If there is anything that needs to modified or updated then the project manager needs to document it properly and take approval from the project owner (Schwalbe 2015). After combing all the details regarding the background of the project, the detailed project schedule would be developed (Raval and Rathod 2014). In the project schedule, the starting and end date of each of the activities of the project, resource allocation and budget would be given in details. System design This is the phase where the detailed design of the complete system would be developed. Each of the individual components of the system would be described in this phase. This would be done in such a level, where the developer can directly translate the designs into required codes in the next phase (Dubois and Tamburrelli 2013). The different types of activities and components of this phase are discussed in the next section. Use case development The high level use cases would be developed in this phase. The use cases would describe the interaction and behavior of the system with the users of the system or the others systems. Separate use cases would be developed for each of the interaction with the system (Papadopoulos 2015). In this step, the user stories would be defined, which are not actually components of classical or traditional waterfall model. In this case, the agile approach of the software development would be mixed with the waterfall approach (Schwalbe 2015). Flowchart development Flowchart would be developed after the development of the use case. This would describe the flow of information and the processes of the new system. The flow charts would be built using the following basic components: Start and end Each of the flow charts would have a start element for indicating that the process is starting. Similarly the end element would describe the ending of the process. Processing steps rectangle shape boxes would be used in the flow chart for indicating the processes of the system. Arrows The flow direction would be shown through the arrows in the flowchart of the e-procure management system. Decision points The decision points would be used in the flowcharts for indicating the conditional checkpoints of the system. Input / Output Parallelogram shape boxes would be used in the flowcharts for indicting the read/write operations. After the development of the use cases and flowcharts of the system, the developers would directly implement the code for the design of the system. Implementation Since the plan is done and idealize (at any rate it should be seen as impeccable), it is converted into code. Engineers take the flowcharts, UML charts, and the other plan archives and make an interpretation of them into code, segment by part or question by protest. Every part is unit-tried all alone and a code survey ought to be finished. Normally the reconciliation is done toward the finish of the coding stage or toward the start of the test stage (Highsmith 2013). This is regularly the ideal opportunity for amazements, as things may not fit or cooperate as arranged, and the group may need to backpedal to the outline stage to roll out the fitting improvements. Contingent upon how intense the calendar was, the venture may get in a bad position comfortable point, as the arrangement was to coordinate the parts to frame a superbly working framework. Yet, now there is a deferral because of the coordination issues (Moniruzzaman and Hossain 2013). The danger of a major astonishment toward the end can be lessened by presenting distinctive turning points amid the coding stage, and soon thereafter in time the framework is coordinated and needs to give a specific level of usefulness. These breakthroughs ought to in a perfect world be trailed by an arrangement of tests to check that the usefulness works accurately. Testing This is the phase, where the developed system would be checked for the efficiency. The developer would first check the system for understanding whether the system is able to the meet the specification of the project. According to Dubois and Tamburrelli (2013), the goal of the testing phase is to identify the bugs of the system. In the first phase of the testing the testing team would check for the bugs by themselves. Different types of test case scenarios would be used for testing the system. After fixing the identified bugs, the system would be tested from the user ends. The various types of testing that would be performed are Integration function verification test, Globalization verification test, System verification test, Performance verification test and Acceptance test (Mohammadi et al. 2015). In case any problem found from the user ends, then again the modification would be done at the designers end. The e-procure system for the Museum Victoria would not be completely develope d until there is no more defects in the develop software system. Deployment of system After the complete development of the system, i.e., testing and modifying the system, the e-procure system would be installed in the practical environment. In this case, the e-procure management system would be installed into the computer systems of the Museum Victoria. In this phase, the deployment team of the developer organization would install the system into the computers of the users (Pathak and Saha 2013). If there is any up-gradations required in the existing computer systems or IT environment of the users, then the deployment team would fix this first. The approval for this need to be taken form the owner at the initial level. Maintenance This is the after installation service, which is usually known as the support phase. This phase should start immediately after the hand over the e-procure management system. The responsibilities of the support service are handed over to a support team from the developer and tester team (Dubois and Tamburrelli 2013). Generally call centers are there for providing supports to the big projects. In this case, a support team would be available for the support services of the e-procure management system. The specialists of the support team would be developed by several professionals with deep knowledge regarding the system. Conclusion: The project development would be completed within the time and budget declared at the initial phase. As the milestones of the project were declared at the beginning level of the project work, the waterfall model would be efficient enough for completion the project of the development of e-procure management system for Museum Victoria. However, some agile approaches would also be used for the project development as discussed in this report. Although the pictorial representation of the classical waterfall model indicates the step by step approach one after another, sometimes the loop would be required for theproject management of the e-procure system development. References: Dubois, D.J. and Tamburrelli, G., 2013, August. Understanding gamification mechanisms for software development. InProceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering(pp. 659-662). ACM. Highsmith, J., 2013.Adaptive software development: a collaborative approach to managing complex systems. Addison-Wesley. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kumar, G. and Bhatia, P.K., 2014, February. Comparative analysis of software engineering models from traditional to modern methodologies. InAdvanced Computing Communication Technologies (ACCT), 2014 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 189-196). IEEE. Mohammadi, N.G., Bandyszak, T., Paulus, S., Meland, P.H., Weyer, T. and Pohl, K., 2015. Extending Software Development Methodologies to Support Trustworthiness-by-Design. InCAiSE Forum(pp. 213-220). Moniruzzaman, A.B.M. and Hossain, D.S.A., 2013. Comparative study on agile software development methodologies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.3356. Papadopoulos, G., 2015. Moving from Traditional to Agile Software Development Methodologies Also on Large, Distributed Projects.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,175, pp.455-463. Pathak, K. and Saha, A., 2013. Review of agile software development methodologies.International Journal,3(2). Raval, R.R. and Rathod, H.M., 2014. Improvements in Agile Model using Hybrid Theory for Software Development in Software Engineering.International Journal of Computer Applications,90(16). Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning